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Mathematics/Science
Overview
Math and science degrees offer strong starting salaries overall, typically higher than those in the humanities or social sciences but slightly below many engineering fields. Entry-level pay ranges from around $58,000 to $71,000, with more quantitative or technical disciplines like physics and mathematics landing at the higher end of the spectrum. These differences reflect the wide variety of career paths available — from research and laboratory work to data analysis, technology, and applied science roles — as well as the growing demand for analytical and STEM-related skills. While initial earnings vary by specialization, math and science degrees generally provide solid financial foundations and versatile career options, often serving as launching points for higher-paying roles through experience or graduate education.
ROI
Math and science degrees generally offer a solid return on investment, falling between the high financial payoff of engineering and the more modest returns of the humanities or social sciences. With starting salaries typically in the $58,000 to $71,000 range and mid-career earnings often reaching $90,000 to $115,000, most graduates are able to recoup their educational costs within about 6 to 9 years. ROI can vary significantly by field — degrees with strong quantitative or technical components, such as physics, mathematics, or chemistry, tend to yield higher long-term earnings than those in biology or environmental science. Additionally, many careers in these fields benefit from advanced degrees, which can substantially boost income but also extend the payback timeline. Overall, math and science degrees strike a strong balance between versatility, earning potential, and long-term financial value, especially when paired with specialized skills or further education.
Schooling
For math and science majors, the school you attend can have a meaningful impact — particularly early in your career. Graduating from a well-respected or research-focused university can provide stronger access to labs, internships, and faculty mentorship, all of which can lead to more competitive entry-level roles and higher starting salaries. Prestigious institutions also tend to have deeper industry connections, which can be especially valuable in fields like data science, research, or technology. However, because these degrees are in steady demand across many sectors, strong outcomes are still achievable from less expensive schools. In many cases, prioritizing a program with robust research opportunities, hands-on experience, and strong industry partnerships — rather than simply the most prestigious name — offers the best balance between cost and long-term return on investment.